Reduction of the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Through Dietary Mixtures and Probiotic
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- Category: Vol. 78, March 2010
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Reduction of the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Through Dietary Mixtures and Probiotic, SAHAR Y. AL-OKBI, DOHA A. MOHAMAD, THANAA E. HAMED, ABEER A. AFIFI and SAHAR H.S. MOHAMAD
Abstract
In the present study two plant food mixtures expected to contain tocopherols, carotenoids, dietary fibers and phenolic compounds were prepared. The ingredients were thyme herb, wheat germ and dry carrot in mixture 1 and celery seeds, rice bran and dry tomato in mixture 2. Chemical composition of these mixtures was determined. The protective effect of both mixtures as hypocholesterolemic was evaluated in rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 15% from either mixture 1 or 2 for a month. Also the protective effect of daily oral administration of milk containing mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnoses GG and Streptococcus thermophilus as probiotic against hypercholesterolemia was studied. Bacterial counts in feces, which reflect colonic bacteria were assessed in all groups. Chemical composition of the powder mixtures revealed that mixtures 1 and 2 contain 19.6% and 25.3% as protein, 5.7% and 12.2% fat, 32.7% and 28.8% carbohydrate, 7.1% and 6.4% crude fibers, 7.3% and 8.7% ash and 24% and 16% dietary fiber respectively. a-tocopherol was 4.91, 11.45mg. g-tocopherol was 4.01mg and 0 and d-tocopherol was 468.3mg and 13.93mg/100g mixture 1 and 2 respectively. Total phenolic were 1.83 and 1.9 gGAE/100g mixture 1 and 2 respectively. Results of animal experiment showed that body weight gain of rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containinig 15% of mixture 2 was reduced significantly when compared with hypercholesterolemic control. Food efficiency ratio of rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing 15% of mixture 1 or 2 decreased significantly when compared with hypercho-lesterolemic group. Probiotic administration did not affect food efficiency ratio significantly compared to hypercholes-terolemic group. Rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet con-taining mixture 1 or 2 or given daily oral dose of probiotic showed significant improvement in plasma lipid profile with different degrees. This improvement was associated with significant elevation in plasma levels of antioxidants (vitamin E and ß-carotene) and significant reduction in plasma MDA levels compared to hypercholesterolemic control. Plasma level of testosterone increased significantly in rats fed on hyperc-holesterolemic diet containing mixture 1 or 2 and rats given probiotic compared to hypercholesterolemic control. The bacterial counts in feces of different experimental groups revealed that hypercholesterolemic control rats showed higher counts of staphylococcus sp and coliform group than control rats. Only coliform count was reduced on supplementation of mixture 1 and 2 but not probiotic.
Conclusion: The tested plant food mixtures and probiotic proved promising in preventing hypercholesterolemia which may be due to presence of dietary fibers, protein, phenolic compunds and tocopherols in case of food mixtures. Colonic coliform count was positively correlated with plasma choles-terol level.