The Prognostic of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection in Experimentally- Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats
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The Prognostic of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection in Experimentally- Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats, SOAD A.A. SLEEM, SOMIA H. ABD ALLAH, AZZA A.Y. MEGAHED and AMIRA M.A. GOBRAN
Abstract
Background: The emergence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs) has brought a breakthrough for the treatment of diabetes and its complications, owing to their capacities to differentiate into replacement cells in damaged tissues, and modulate their local environment the relationship of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell (UCB-MSCs) to insulin resistance has been unknown and their role in P-cell replace-ment is controversial.
Objective: Testing the ability of UCB-MSCs in regaining of P-cells structure, and function, and studying its prognostic effect on insulin resistance in type I and II diabetes.
Material and Methods: A total number of 58 adult female local strain albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I" normal control, Group II: HFD/STZ-induced type II diabetic group: And Group III: STZ-induced type I diabetic. Each diabetic group was subdivided into 2 equal subgroups: Sub-group A; vehicle-treated diabetic (IIA & IIIA), and subgroup B stem cell-treated diabetic (II & IIIB). UCB-MSCs (5 X 106 cells/200gm) were injected IV in tail vein in subgroups IIB and IIIB. Serum insulin, glucose (FBG), fructosamine, trig-lycerides, cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL levels were measured. In addition, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, detection of sry gene and histopathological studies to the pancreatic tissue at the day 14th and 28th after stem cell infusion in all groups.
Results: Stem cell-treated diabetic groups (IIB and IIIB) showed deterioration of the damaged pancreatic histoarchi-tecture associated with a significant increase in serum insulin, HDL and (HOMA-B) significantly decreased in (FBG), fruc-tosamine, cholesterol, LDL-c, serum TG levels and HOMA-IR when compared with diabetic untreated Groups (IIA & IIIA) occurred. On comparing Group IIIB and Group IIB on day 14th and 28th showed a significant increase of FBG, fructosamine, HOMA-B and a significant decrease in serum insulin in IIIB than IIB. However, there was no significant change in HOMA-IR in IIIB, while it significantly decreased in group IIB on the day 28th when compared with that on the day 14th.
Conclusion: Cord blood derived MSCs infusion into diabetic rats could home to injured pancreatic tissue, differ-entiate into P-cells, improve their function and decrease insulin resistance in type II diabetes rather than type I. HUCB-MSCs appeared to be promising candidate in stem cell therapeutics for curing diabetes mellitus.