Laboratory Diagnostics for Radiation Exposure: Biomarkers and Risk Assessment
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- Category: Vol. 85, December 2017
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Laboratory Diagnostics for Radiation Exposure: Biomarkers and Risk Assessment
Abstract
Background: The necessity for developing medical coun-termeasures against potential chemical, biological, radiologi-cal, and nuclear (CBRN) threats has been underscored by the risk of large-scale terrorist attacks globally. Initiatives like Pro-ject Bioshield, launched in 2004, have aimed to support and accelerate research in responses to CBRN exposures. Aim of Work: The objective of this study is to evaluate re-cent advancements in biodosimetry, focusing on the develop-ment of innovative techniques for accurately assessing radiation absorption in populations affected by nuclear events, including nuclear catastrophes and radiation dispersion devices (RDD). Methods: The study reviews the evolution of biodosim-etry beyond initial methodologies, encompassing fields such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. It also investigates ongoing research on lymphocyte kinetics for dosage evaluation and the advancement of portable elec-tron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) devices for practical field use. Additionally, the role of automated platforms and lab surge capacity networks in improving biodosimetry practices is ex-plored. Results: Significant progress has been made within biodo-simetry, enabling more accurate and rapid assessments of radia-tion exposure. The advancements in various scientific domains and technologies have enhanced conventional cytogenetic evaluation methods, improving biodefense readiness against nuclear threats.Conclusion: While there have been notable advancements in biodosimetry and the overall preparedness for CBRN threats, challenges remain that must be addressed to ensure the effec-tiveness of these methods in field deployments.