Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-and in Apelin Action on the Kidney in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
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- Category: Vol. 88, June 2020
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Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-and in Apelin Action on the Kidney in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model, RANDA S. GOMAA, NEVERTYTY M. MAHMOUD and JEHAN SAEED
Abstract
Background: Apelin is an adipokine that revealed numer-ous renoprotective actions; however, its effect in diabetic nephropathy is controversial. Aim of Study: The objectives of the current study were to determine the action of apelin administration on nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rat model and to clarify its possible mech-anisms and if PPARs activation is involved in these mecha-nisms. Material and Methods: Thirty adult male wistar rats were subdivided into control, diabetic and diabetic-apelin treated rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced via a high-fat diet together with a single low-dose of streptozotocin. Apelin was injected intraperitoneally for 10 weeks. Serum glucose, insulin and lipid profile were estimated. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Renal functions were evaluated by serum urea and creatinine, urinary albumin excretion, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and histopathological inspection. Renal tissue homogenate was assessed for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) content and PPAR-a and PPAR-g gene expression. Results: Apelin administration to diabetic rats improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, renal function parameters and pathological lesions in the kidney that resulted from induction of diabetes. It elevates renal SOD and NO, decreased MDA and increased PPAR-a and g gene expression in comparison to diabetic rats. Conclusions: Apelin administration to diabetic rats im-proved insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and renal functions which may be partially via its antioxidant properties and NO dependent mechanism that struggled the harmful properties of diabetes on the kidney. Besides, apelin induced upregulation of both PPARa/g genes expression that could be involved in the renoprotective effect of apelin. More investigations for the mechanism by which apelin acts on PPARa/g are recommended.