Paramedic Response to Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents: (Review Artical)
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- Category: Vol. 90, December 2022
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Paramedic Response to Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents: (Review Artical)
Abstract
Background: The proper training and preparation of medi-cal first responders (MFRs) are crucial for their effective per-formance in highly challenging situations such as disasters (e.g., mass accidents, natural catastrophes). It is crucial for the training to be highly effective in order to ensure the exact and efficient performance of MFRs under high-stress situations, as this is essential for the survival and recovery of patients. Aim of Study: This review provides a comprehensive ex-amination of scientifically validated training techniques em-ployed to equip MFRs for responding to disasters. The study identifies many efficacy indicators and offers a supplementary analysis on the incorporation of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) training technologies in disaster training research, examining the methods and breadth of their inclusion. Methods: The review examined (quasi-)experimental re-search published from January 2010 to September 2021. The literature search was performed using Web of Science and Pub-Med. Results: The search revealed many forms of training, such as conventional methods (e.g., lectures, real-life scenario train-ing) and technology-driven methods (e.g., computer-based learning, educational films). The majority of trainings involved multiple methods. The trainings’ effectiveness was mostly eval-uated by comparing knowledge exams or self-reported meas-ures before and after the training. However, several studies also included behavioral performance measures, such as triage accuracy. Although all techniques were effective, the evidence suggests that technology-based strategies frequently result in comparable or superior training outcomes compared to tradi-tional trainings. At present, there are only a limited number of studies that have thoroughly assessed immersive virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) training.
Conclusion: In order to assess the effectiveness of a train-ing program, it is essential to conduct a thorough and scien-tifically rigorous evaluation. Among the identified effectiveness indicators, performance assessments in simulated scenarios ex-hibit the highest degree of similarity to the desired behavior ob served during actual disasters. To obtain reliable and affordable