The Role of Oral Microbiome in Local and Systemic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
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- Category: Vol. 84, December 2016
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The Role of Oral Microbiome in Local and Systemic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Background: The oral microbiome plays a critical role in both local and systemic diseases, challenging the traditional “one bug, one disease” paradigm. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques, such as OMICs, have expanded our understanding of the oral microbiome’s complexity and its im-pact on human health. Aim: This comprehensive review aims to explore the evolving understanding of the oral microbiome, its migration patterns, and its implications for various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, cancer, and biofilm-associated in-fections. Methods: The review synthesizes findings from key stud-ies, including those employing advanced methodologies like Human Oral Microbe Identification Using Next-Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) and IBIS T5000. The focus is on the identification of microbial populations, their migratory nature, and their involvement in biofilm formation on medical devices. Results: The oral microbiome is implicated in a range of systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid ar-thritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Biofilms, which are resistant to conventional treatments, present significant challenges in medical settings. The review highlights the role of the micro-bial clock in understanding disease progression and the need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: The oral microbiome’s influence on systemic health underscores the need for ongoing research and the inte-gration of advanced microbial detection techniques into clini-cal practice. Understanding the complex interplay between oral and systemic health could lead to more effective interventions and improved patient outcomes.