Current Challenges and Innovations in Vaccine Development: (Review Article)
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- Category: Vol. 92, March 2024
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Current Challenges and Innovations in Vaccine Development: (Review Article)
Abstract
Aim: This comprehensive review explores recent advance-ments in vaccine development, immunology, and nanotechnol-ogy-based drug delivery systems across various biomedical applications. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published to 2024. Key databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords to compile information on vaccine technolo-gies, immunological mechanisms, and nanocarrier innovations in biomedical research. Results: Advances in vaccine technology have diversified to include mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, each offering unique advantages in inducing protec-tive immune responses against infectious diseases and cancer. Immunological studies have elucidated mechanisms of im-mune memory, adaptive immunity modulation, and the im-pact of vaccine adjuvants on immune response enhancement. Concurrently, nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery through polymeric nanomedicine, lipid nanoparticles, and viral vector-based carriers, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, bioavail-ability, and targeted delivery in cancer therapy and infectious disease treatment. Conclusion: Integration of advanced vaccine technolo-gies with nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems holds promise for improving vaccine efficacy, reducing adverse ef-fects, and advancing personalized medicine approaches. Future research should focus on optimizing nanocarrier design, en-hancing immune response durability, and addressing regulatory challenges to expedite clinical translation.